Choice lists will only get values from sys_choice. What you are doing when you set the Choice Table and the Choice Field is tell the field to look at sys_choice and get the value for the Table and Field you select instead of using values defined on sys_choice for this field. This would keep you from repeating values if they already existed in another list.

Since you have put your values into a new table you created, you need to change your choice fields to reference fields and point them to your new table. Either you can keep the reference field look or you can make them display as choice lists.
http://wiki.service-now.com/index.php?title=Reference_Fields#Displaying_the_Reference_Field_as_a_Choice-List

It also sounds like all of values are in 1 table so you can use reference qualifiers to pull only the data you need for each field.
http://wiki.service-now.com/index.php?title=Reference_Qualifiers