In that case please revoke users access to $pa_dashboards page and add a new dashboard page at sow level to have more control over redirection 

When interaction is created the default value for type is phone , I think the create hr case ui action is copying the interaction type.   You can create a onLoad client script to adjust the value

We usually see this kind of errors on a specific tables when there are invalid characters in the dictionary of that table. Especially in the column label of the columns in dictionary related to those tables. 

You might need to check in below:https://instance_name.service-now.com/sys_sg_navigation_tab_map_list.do?sysparm_query=navigation%3D9f67848187403300e0ef0cf888cb0b2e&sysparm_view=