Instance level keys in the Key Management Framework

  • Release version: Washingtondc
  • Updated February 1, 2024
  • 2 minutes to read
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    Summary of Instance Level Keys in the Key Management Framework

    The Key Management Framework (KMF) employs a structured key management system using envelope encryption to safeguard platform keys, including Customer Data Encryption Keys (CDEKs). The architecture utilizes the SafeNet KeySecure Hardware Security Module (HSM), ensuring compliance with the FIPS 140-2-L3 security standard.

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    Key Features

    • Envelope Encryption: This method encrypts keys with other keys to create a secure hierarchy. Module keys are wrapped by the Instance Key Encryption Key (IKEK), which is further wrapped by the Instance Root Key (IRK) and ultimately by the Root Key (RK).
    • Key Types: KMF defines several keys for various cryptographic functions, including:
      • Root Key (RK): Decrypts the IRK.
      • Instance Root Key (IRK): Unique to your instance, it envelope-encrypts internal keys.
      • Instance HMAC Key (IHK): Ensures authenticity and integrity for module keys.
      • Instance Key Encryption Key (IKEK): Wraps module keys and is critical for key management.
      • Instance Asymmetric Encryption Key (IAEK): Facilitates secure message transmission between instances.
      • Instance Signature Key (ISK): Used for signing purposes.
      • Password2 (PW2): Fully managed encryption key by KMF.
      • Customer Data Encryption Key (CDEK): Created and envelope-encrypted by the IKEK.
      • Instance Data Replication (IDR) Data Encryption Key (DEK): Specific keys for the IDR process.

    Key Outcomes

    By utilizing KMF, ServiceNow customers can ensure robust protection of their cryptographic keys through a well-defined structure. This enhances data security, maintains compliance with industry standards, and supports secure data transactions and integrity throughout the ServiceNow AI Platform.

    Learn about the Key Management Framework (KMF) key structure, which uses envelope encryption to ensure that all platform keys under KMF management are protected through a chain of keys. Customer Data Encryption Keys (CDEKs) created by KMF are also included in this structure

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    KMF key storage architecture

    The KMF key structure uses the SafeNet KeySecure Hardware Security Module (HSM). The HSM is designed to be physically and electronically tamper-proofed to meet the FIPS 140-2-L3 security standard. KMF uses envelope encryption to ensure that all platform keys under KMF management are protected through a chain of keys, including the module keys that can be generated by KMF.

    Envelope encryption

    Envelope encryption is the practice of encrypting a key with another key, also referred to as wrapping. Module keys are envelope encrypted by the Instance Key Encryption Key (IKEK), which in turn is envelope encrypted by the Instance Root Key (IRK), which is finally envelope encrypted by the Root Key (RK). Since the IRK can only be accessed by the HSM, the IKEK must be uploaded for decryption.

    Envelope encryption flow for ServiceNow keys

    At the instance level, KMF defines several keys that are used internally for varying cryptographic purposes throughout the ServiceNow AI Platform.

    This table provides examples of a subset of available keys that are managed and protected by KMF.

    Key Location Description
    Root Key (RK) Hardware Security Model (HSM) Root key used to decrypt the IRK.
    Instance Root Key (IRK) HSM A key unique to your instance that is used to envelope-encrypt several instance internal keys.
    Instance HMAC Key (IHK) Instance Unique per instance, the IHK is used internally for Hash-Based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) purposes.

    The IHK helps to verify the authenticity and integrity of module keys and is wrapped on either KeySecure or the File Key Store.
    Instance Key Encryption Key (IKEK) Instance

    The IKEK wraps the module keys and is wrapped on either KeySecure or the File Key Store.
    Instance Asymmetric Encryption Key (IAEK) Instance A key unique to your instance that is used internally for asymmetric encryption purposes.

    The IAEK is used to transmit confidential messages between an instance during Key Exchange or Instance Data Replication consumer approval.
    Instance Signature Key (ISK) Instance A key unique to your instance that is used internally for signing purposes.
    Password2 (PW2) Instance With KMF, the key for PW2 fields is fully managed by KMF.
    Customer Data Encryption Key (CDEK) Instance Encryption keys created through KMF are envelope-encrypted by the IKEK.
    Instance Data Replication (IDR) Data Encryption Key (DEK) Instance Specific encryption keys used for the IDR process.