What is continuous improvement?

Continuous improvement is a method of improving business results by constantly reexamining and refining products, services, and processes.

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Although the idea of constantly striving to become better is certainly not a new one, continuous improvement as an approach to business originated in Japan following the close of the Second World War. As Japan’s automotive industry began to take shape, Toyota Motor Corporation built upon concepts introduced by American statisticians and business consultants, to develop the philosophy of kaizen.

Kaizen means “change for the better,” and proposes a business culture of on-going improvement. Although this approach to business helped establish Toyota as a major player in the automotive industry, it wasn’t until relatively recently that Kaizen and the continuous improvement model became popular concepts globally.

Today, continuous improvement is integral to the Lean Methodology of maximising customer value while minimising waste. But even organisations that do not fully embrace Lean can benefit from continuous improvement by understanding six key principles.

Incremental change

Most often, improvement is not the result of massive, foundation-shaking changes; small, incremental steps are more likely to achieve desired results. Not only does incremental change allow improvement to be made without causing a panic among employees, but by focusing on simple revisions and alterations to existing processes, speed to improvement also increases.

Respect for employee ideas

Continuous improvement rejects the notion that ideas must come from the top. Employees at all levels can identify issues, workshop solutions, and access possible opportunities—often beyond what is clearly visible to management. Getting employees involved in the improvement process creates ownership and allows workers to see measurable results from their valuable input.

Low expense

One key advantage of involving employees in the improvement process is the low cost associated with employee-proposed changes. Most employee suggestions may be accomplished without great expense. In many cases, employees will actually propose eliminating or simplifying unnecessary processes instead of making them more complex, thus saving the organisation money.

Ownership and buy in

When management forces changes to established processes, it’s not uncommon for those changes to be met with resistance on the front lines. On the other hand, when employees are involved in proposing changes, they are more likely to take ownership and work towards making those changes work.

Constant feedback

Continuous improvement goes beyond simply asking for ideas and then rolling out changes. The changes themselves must be constantly reviewed and improved upon. This is made possible through on-going feedback across every phase of execution.

Measurability

It is worth noting that changes are not valuable in and of themselves. It isn't called the continuous change model; it’s called continuous improvement, because improvement is the goal. To ensure that changes are having the desired effect, impacts must be quantified, measured, and tracked. Measurability allows an organisation to evaluate how successful every change is, and whether it might be successfully applied to other problems. At the same time, seeing the direct positive results of improvement helps ensure ongoing support for other improvement initiatives.

To facilitate continuous improvement, many businesses adopt the PDCA framework. PDCA stands for plan, do, check, act, and is a four-step, ongoing cycle for carrying out change for the better. PDCA is not a single, one-and-done approach, but rather an ongoing cycle that must be constantly repeated to facilitate ongoing improvement.

Plan

In the planning stage, a business must recognise possible opportunities, and create a plan on how to change to address those opportunities. ‘Plan’ involves defining problems, assessing resources, setting goals, and choosing methods.

Do

At this stage, an organisation tests the change. Applying the changes in a small-scale controlled environment, while being ready to address any unanticipated problems, the business generates valuable data for the next step.

Check

“Check” means reviewing the results of the small-scale tests performed in the previous stage. Results should be analysed and insights identified to help inform the final step. This may be the most important stage in the entire PDCA cycle, as it allows organisations to clarify their plans, eliminate issues, avoid recurring mistakes, and identify root causes. Make any necessary changes to the original plan, taking it through the previous steps as many times as necessary before finalising it.

Act

Armed with information and insights from the previous stages, organisations can now apply the refined plan. If it is successful, the business can then incorporate what they’ve learned into other areas. The proven change should become a new baseline, allowing for new improvements as the cycle restarts.

The PDCA cycle is an essential aspect of continuous improvement, providing an easy-to-use framework with which organisations can drive improvements across services, functions, processes, teams, and individuals. As such, effective continuous- improvement solutions incorporate this framework.

Root cause analysis (RCA) is an approach to continuous improvement that focuses specifically on the main reasons and origins behind problems in an individual process. Much like the standard approach to continuous improvement, RCA is iterative. When it encounters problems, RCA analyses causes and effects until it identifies the root of the issue. To do this, it follows six steps.

Defining the problem

The first step in RCA is identifying and observing a problem. Evaluate the impact of the problem and outline the specific symptoms.

Gathering data

Next, research the problem and collect as much relevant information as possible. Develop as clear of a picture of the problem as possible, to help inform the next step of the process.

Identifying causes

Using information gathered in the previous step, identify and track as many causal factors as possible. Create cause-and-effect diagrams to help visualise what issues are behind the problems that are being tracked. Look at possible consequences, and continue to break issues down into their constituent parts to create a more detailed picture of the overall problem.

Identifying the root cause

Continue to dig down until the core issue behind the original problem or problems can be identified. Determining why the root cause exists in the first place can help inform possible solutions.

Implementing a solution

Create a solution to resolve the root cause, thus cutting off the problem or problems at the source. Recognise and account for any risks that might be involved in carrying out the solution.

Monitoring the solution

As with any change, continuous monitoring is important in RCA to ensure that the issue has been effectively resolved, and that the solution has not created other problems.

There are a number of advantages from implementing continuous improvement in a business.

Improve employee engagement

Wasteful, inefficient processes eat up employee time. Worse than that, they force employees to expend effort on ineffective tasks. Continuous improvement cuts away and refines processes, leaving only the impactful and important. At the same time, continuous improvement gives employees a voice and lets them know that their input is valued. Together, these factors contribute to increased employee satisfaction in their work.

Continuous improvement seeks to minimise processes that hinder success.

Decrease turnover

Improved employee satisfaction naturally leads to decreased employee turnover rates. When employees feel fulfilled and appreciated, they are much less likely to leave a company, even in the face of more-lucrative offers. They begin to think of the organisation as more than simply an employer; it becomes a part of who they are, and they gain ownership over its success.

Refine workflows

Lean methodology and continuous improvement allows for detailed and repeatable workflows. Workflows establish proven steps and best practices for accomplishing work quickly, efficiently, and effectively. Continuous improvement allows organisations to streamline their workflows, identifying improvement opportunities and eliminating extraneous tasks and processes.

Reduce costs

Unnecessary waste processes are more than just time consuming; they’re expensive. Continuous improvement helps businesses distinguish important processes from superfluous ones, saving money in the process. Additionally, with reliable workflows and a clear understanding of exactly what is required to complete important jobs, managers can improve the accuracy of their budgets.

Enhance customer service

Customers may not be interested in an organisation’s internal processes or workflows, but they are certainly interested in the value the organisation provides. Continuous improvement helps businesses better understand customer needs, and create a refined process for delivering on those needs.

Secure a competitive advantage

Continuous improvement is just that: an ongoing upward trend in terms of products, services, and internal processes. By focusing and working towards improving their business, organisations eliminate the risks associated with stagnancy and complacency. This creates a competitive advantage over companies that are not following a similar methodology.

The industry leader in enterprise operation automation and workflow management, ServiceNow is an obvious partner for any organisation interested in continuous improvement.

ServiceNow Continual Improvement Management provides essential tools and features, designed to bring data, processes, and people together. Incorporating advanced machine-learning technologies, and based on the essential PDCA framework, Continual Improvement Management helps users identify potential problems, set SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound) goals using data-driven KPIs, and create comprehensive task lists.

Collaborate clearly and effectively on a single, centralised platform. Track improvements. Use the integrated Process Optimization app to maximise efficiency, company wide. Visualise and compare outcomes with easy to use reports and dashboards. Plan and align improvement initiatives with existing business strategies, eliminating barriers and increasing transparency for stakeholders. And with the added benefits of out-of-the-box integrations, managers can further optimise the applications they use every day, discovering new improvement opportunities and creating important improvement initiatives. At the same time, records for other applications may be created from within the improvement initiative/CIM task.

Taken together, these and other capabilities, tools, integration, and built-in resources set ServiceNow Continuous Improvement Management apart as the quintessential solution to creating a culture of improvement in any organisation.

The end goal? Achieving service excellence, aligning business goals, and enabling smart decision-making. After all, the dream of continuous improvement is one worth pursuing. ServiceNow makes that dream a reality, optimising processes and boosting performance across entire enterprises.

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